Second-grade math: Why it’s hard for kids

By Gretchen Vierstra, MA

Expert reviewed by Amanda Morin

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  • Quick tip 1

    Try hands-on tools.

    Hands-on objects or “manipulatives” can help kids visualize amounts as they solve problems. Try using objects like blocks, beads, buttons, game pieces, or small toys.

  • Quick tip 2

    Use scratch paper.

    Have a scratch pad handy for kids to use. This helps kids get into the habit of showing work. If possible, use graph paper to help kids line up math problems, especially ones with place value. 

  • Quick tip 3

    Jot down the approach.

    When kids are stuck on a math problem, take notes on the process they try. They can use these notes to show teachers their efforts and get feedback on how they approached solving the problem.

  • Quick tip 4

    Say it’s OK.

    A lot of second graders struggle with math. Say that it’s OK if they need more time or extra practice. And if you’ve ever struggled with math, be open about that. It helps when kids know they’re not the only ones who struggle.

Second-grade math is often hard for kids — even for kids who didn’t have any difficulty before. So how is second-grade math different from first-grade math? 

In first grade, kids can use their fingers for most of the math they do. Kids are adding or subtracting single-digit numbers, like 8 + 5. And they’re getting more comfortable with math symbols, like the +, –, and = signs.

When second grade comes around, there’s a big jump in conceptual math. Kids start working with place value. And they’re adding and subtracting two-digit numbers, like 18 + 25. 

Kids also have to start doing math in their heads — they can’t use their fingers. Sometimes, they can use physical objects, like blocks, to solve problems. But eventually kids have to do the problems in their heads or with symbols on paper.

Plus, getting the right answer isn’t enough in second grade. Kids need to explain why it’s the right answer and show their work — sometimes in specific ways. This can be a huge challenge for many kids.

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